摘要
采用经验分布、四分位等统计分析方法，分析了2019-2021年承德金山岭云海时间变化、天气形势特征及其与气温、相对湿度、气压、风向风速、降水等气象要素的关系。结果表明：金山岭云海年平均出现13.7次，云海次数呈逐年增加的趋势，夏季最多，冬季最少，一日中云海主要出现在早晨。金山岭云海出现前500hPa高空形势场可以分为为高空槽型、低涡型、偏西气流型。金山岭云海适宜的气象条件为：平均气温14.8~22.8℃，最高气温20.8~30.4℃，最低气温7.6~18.5℃，平均相对湿度73.0~81.0%，最小相对湿度22.5~48.5%，平均气压966.1~975.9hPa，最高气压968.1~978.8hPa，最低气压963.8~973.7hPa，平均风速0.8~1.2m/s，最大风速2.2~3.4m/s，极大风速4.2~7.4m/s，风向S和SSW；对比无云海时气象要素，有云海时气温更高，相对湿度更大，气压更低，风速更小，且云海出现的前一日或当日金山岭地区一般会有降水产生。
关键词： 云海；时间变化；天气分型；气象要素
Abstract
By using statistical analysis methods such as empirical frequency distribution and quartile method, the temporal distribution and weather situation characteristics of Jinsahnling cloud sea from 2019 to 2021 are analyzed, and suitable meteorological conditions like temperature, humidity ,wind and precipitation are studied. The results show that: The average number of cloud sea is 13.7 frequencies per year. The number of cloud deck event is increasing.The 500 hPa high altitude situation field before the occurrence of the cloud sea can be divided into three types: high trough type, low vortex type, and westerly flow type. The suitable meteorological conditions for cloud sea are daily mean temperature isbetween 14.8 and 22.8 degree，daily mean humidity is between 73.0 and 81.0%, daily mean pressure is between 966.1 and 975.9 hPa, daily 2 m wind speed is between 0.8 and 1.2 m/s. Compared with no cloud sea days，the temperature factor is higher，the relative humidity condition is better，and the pressure is lower , the wind speed is smaller. On the very day or the day before the appearance of the cloud sea, it always tends to rain.
Key words： Cloud sea; Time variation; Weather classification; Meteorological conditions
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